Waterproof outer garment



March 23, 1948. J. T. QALLA-11AN ET AL I ABA-@ WATERPROOF OUTER GARMENTFiled March 1,'1946 3 SheetS-Shee l vias?" y @d e.

March 23, 1948.

J. T. CALLAHAN ET Ax.

WATERPROOF OUTER GARMENT Filed Maron 1, 1946 3`Sheets-Sheet 2 l March23, 1.948. J. T. CALLAHAN T AL 2,438,429

WATERPROOF OUTER 4GARM'ENT Filed March l, l1946 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 fg F ffif y j;

Patented Mar. 23, 1948 Gilbe'rtson, Milford, Mass., assignors to 4ArcherRubber Company,1l./.iilford, Mass., a'corporation of MassachusettsApplication `March 1, 1946,SerialiNor651g078 5 Claims.

'l This invention Arelates to apparel `and more especially vto'Waterproof outer garments,-for linstance raincoats, 4golf jackets, etc.Such garments are usually made 'of textile -fabric coated or impregnatedwith'a rubber compound or an oxidized oil, and, Abeing substantiallyimpervious,

`Vretain the heat of the Wearers body and are thus uncomfortablewhenWorn inwarm weather. rThe `present invention concernsimprovements ingarments of the kind more specifically disclosed -in the patentto'Callahan-et al., No. 2,361,380, Tdated Gctober 31, V1944, whichdescribes one --mode of making such'a garment-seas toprovide adequateventilation Without admitting moisture.

Garments lmade of'textile mateIiaLieOated-or impregnated 'withWaterliroofing compound in sufcientamount to make them'reallywaterproof,are customarily'quite'heavy and stili and lack the 'draping 'qualitiesdesirable in an article of apparel. Moreover, such garments are oftenworn over *usual outer garments and thus, unless the rain garmentbefveryloose and in particularfree at the arm seyes, -the wearer feelsconfined and uncomfortable uand may even find it impossible to movevhisarms freely.

YOne objectV of theprese'nt inventionisto pro vide an router rainprotective garment /Whichis very light in Weight, soit, ilexibleandvvithgood draping qualities, Vand which at thel same -time is yleakproofand-'embodies the Ventilating features of the garment disclosed-intheaforesa-id-patent. A further object is to provide a' garment of thisVtype Whose principal parts, 'at"least,- consist'of single thickness,thin and pliable sheeted` synthetic resin, A.although having'adequate`strength at all points. AA further object is to lprovide -a Arainprcofgarment of the general'type disclosed in the aforesaid patent and thuscomprising but four principal parts, butv having so much fullness 'andstrength atthe arm scyes that the Weareriis 'free to lmove his'arms inany directionfandwithout `danger of breaking out or tearing the materialat the armpit portion. Wearers of such garments sometimesiind'diiiiculty, when donningsuch a garment (if provided f with a largeVentilating opening inthe back) Abecause the arm may be inadvertent-lyprojected out through the'ventilating opening instead @finto the sleeve.A further object vkofthe invention is to provide aventilated coat sodesignadas v-to Afacilitate the entry ofthe arm`into the sleeve When'donn-ing'the coat, and incidentally to vreinforce the coat at vthatportion-at which the Weightof the coat is Ysupported by the wearer.

other and 4'further `objects and', advantages vof the 2 invention -ivill"be pointed out in the fGlloW-n'g more detailed-description and byreferencef'to the laccompanying drawings wherein AFig. 'w1 yis -a'diagrammatic '-front elevation-f-o'fv a "rai-n Lgarment embodyingthe-present invention, Vbut Without any attemptltoillustratev theinz'rtural draping lofthe fabric or `Vusual yand -min'orrdetails Vofconstruction;

v"'Fig. 3l is a fragmentary, 'diagranimatie yside-elevation of thegarment -showingthe sleeve extended vertically upward to illustrate the.un'derarm construction;

F'Eig. 14 is a diagrammatic, fragmentary view :of

Itheinterior oi fthe-garment illustrating the/flap which :automatically.'closes' the Ventilating :open- -ing ywhen the garment isb'ein'gdonned;

`Fig. 5 :is adiagranunaticssection, to :large scale, ontlfie line-ffofFig. 1;

Fig.y '6 1isaplan view-.ofafblankiforiuse infmaking -t'h'e yokeportlonof: the garment;

Fig."1-isafplanview-ora blank'for makinglthe lbacklof the garment;

rSli'gsr-S and '8a --are lplan' `v-ievvs` of ythelleft--and rightfront'members-o'f the-garment respectively;

-Fig. '9-is aV planview ofv-ablank 'for makingsone 4vort'h'e gussetparts;

Fig. 10 is a plan 'viewofv a- 41Vblank --for makingla `secondl gussetpart;

Fig. :1-1 isla plan'view ofa-reinforce-blank;

`Fig. 12 is a plany View of-fa -collar blank;

Fig. -13 isa plan view-"ofa` blank `for formingza buttonfly; and

Fig. L14 is va diagrammatic perspective `View vsho'Wingthe yoke .portionof thefgarmentto illustrate 'thenseamless- `cl'iaracter of the shoulder--por -tionszof the garment.

Referring to the-drawings,inparticular tolFigs. l andf2, in`-vvllich-the numeral -I designatesllthe --completed garment, it maybelnoted that except forthecollar 2 vand elements of trim,.ior examplepockets and pocket-stays, buttons, etc., thejgar- ,mentconsists,of'lout` four major parts,to-Wit, the

^ yoke" 3, the back4,' and the `'two front members "5 and" 6."Preferably, as shown,fthe`back is'-of-'uni 'tary-construction like theotherima-jorfpieces, :although rit' is within the `scopeo'f'thesinvention itoma-ke the back in rightand left/:halves seemedpiece-of material. l'While it vis contemplated-that 'the1materialii1se3d'1in 'making thezprincipali lparts `of ithezgarment 4maybe :of-'any lusual Waterproof xorfwaterz-irepellent typawit :ispreferred, in accordin suitable amount, may be made as pliable asdesired, but without showing any tackiness or' tendency to deteriorateduring use; While the parts of the garment made of such material may beunited -by sewed seams in the same way as garments made oftextilematerial, it is readily possible, when using this sheetedsynthetic resin, to form the joints by a heat sealing operation so thatno stitching is necessary and the joints are absolutely leak-tight.However, the particular mode of uniting thev parts'of the garment isVnot Van essential feature of the invention.

When the garment is made from material such vas4 just suggested, Vit isextremely light, weighinggbut a few ounces, so that it is not burdensometo wear, even outside of usual winter garments. Moreover, it is sorpliable and may be made of such thin material, that when not in use itmay be folded or rolled into a small package, easily stored away in anordinary traveling bag, Vbut when unfolded its draping qualities aresuchthat any wrinkles formed by folding quickly disappear.

The yoke 3 (Fig. 6) comprises a central or shoulder portion 'I having inits forward part a neck opening bounded by a curved edge 9 whichintersects forwardly divergent straight edges I and II, respectively,the latter edges in the completed garment constituting upper portions ofthe front closure. ,These edges I0 and II intersect at substantiallyright angles the edge portions I2 and I3, respectively, which in thecon'ipleted garment -extend substantially horizontally at about thelevel of the armpits, and to which arejse'cured,` the upper edges of theright and left front members 5 and 6 (Fig. Y1), respectively. The yokeblank 3, also comprises the sleeve portions I4 and I5, these sleeveportions being integral with the central part I of the blank andterminating at edges I6 and Ilia, which may be hemmed or otherwisefinished, designed rto form` the Wristband ends of the sleeves.;Thesleeve members I4 and I5 have longitudinal edges I'I and I8, and I9and 20, respectively, the edges I.`I and I9 Vbeing joined to'the edgesI2 and I3 respectively by c-o-ncavely curved portions I2a and I3arespectively, and in the completed garment the edges II and I8 areunited by an underarrn seam S (Fig. 3) which extends from the wrist edgeI 6, for instance, along the under side of the sleeve to the armpitportion. The edges I9 and 20 of the sleeve I5 are' united by a similarunderarm seam. Since the'sleeveimembers are integral with the central orshoulder portion 1 of the yoke 3, and since the `onlyflongitudinal seamsin the sleeves are these underarm seams which unite the edges II land I8and the edges I9 and 20, respectively, the exposed shoulder portions ofthe completed garment are wholly devoid of seams as illustrated in Fig.14. Thus regardless of the type voi? material which may be employed,there'are no exposedy seams at the shoulder-portions Yso that thereis'no danger of leakage of water into 4 the upper part of the garment byreason of any insecure seams or joints.

The yoke 3 also comprises the rearwardly extending divergent edgeportions 2| and 22, respectively, at opposite sides, which in thecornpleted garment are permanently united to the upper portions of theback member, the edges 2I and 22 terminating at the slightly curvedlower edge 23 of the yoke, the edge 23 being hemmed or otherwisefinished before the garment is completed. At the point where the edge I8would normally intersect the edge 2l, and likewise at the point wherethe edge 20 would normally intersect the edge 22, the yoke is providedwith deep notches G preferably of oval contourI with their smaller endsopen at the edge of the Ymaterial. J Y The back 4 of the garment (Fig.7) comprises a substantially rectangular lower portion having theparallel side edges 25 and 26 and the lower edge 'I,o the latter beinghemmed -or otherwise finished in the completed garment.l This backmember also includes an upper -portion 24 of a generally truncatedtriangular form, having the upwardly convergent slightly concave curvededges 28 and 29 which are connected to the side edges 25 and 28, byshort concave arcs 25a and 26a. which, in the completed garment, formparts of the arm seyes. The upper end of this portion 24 is providedwith a deep notch 39 of generally elliptical contour with 'itsAV majoraxis horizontal, :but open at the top where its edge intersects upwardlyand outwardly divergent substantiallyV straight edges K2 These edges K,in turn, intersect (substantially at right angles) short downwardly andoutwardly divergent edges E which intersect the-edges 28 and 29respectively. By this construction therey are formed two upwardlydirected extensions or flaps F, one at either side of the notch` 39.

The front members 5 and 6 are substantially identical in shape, exceptthat one is the reverse of the other, the member 5 comprising the topedge 3l which in the completed garment Vis united to the edge I2 of theyoke,.while the front member 6 has the top edge 3'Ia which is united tothe edge I3 of the yoke. The member 5 has the longitudinal edge 32 whichforms a downward continuation of the edge IIJ of the yoke, thuscompleting one side of the front closure of the garment, while themember 6 has the edge 32a which forms a downward continuation of theedge I I of the yoke, thus completing the other side of the frontclosure. The parts 5 and 6 have the lower edges 33 and 33a,respectively, which in the finished garment are hemmed. I Y Y To givefullness at the armpit portion of the garment so as to insure freedom ofarm movement and to Vavoid overstressing thegarment material, the gussetmembers 35 and 36 (Figs. 3, 9'and 10) are provided. In thegarmentdisclosed in the aforesaid patent, gusset means integral with thefront member of the garment is disclosed, but it is found in practice,and particularly when using sheeted synthetic resin as the garmentmaterial, that it is Vdiiiicult to obtain the requisite fullness at thearmpit portion by means of an integral gusset element, and that thematerial of such an integral gusset element is overstressed during useso that when thin light materials are used there is danger of breakingout at the armpit portion after an extended period of use. As hereinillustrated (Figs. 3, 9 and 10), the gusset piece 35 is generallysegmental in contour, having the curved nedge 3'Il of downwardly fromthe respective armpit. each sleeve having `asingle longitudinallyextending underarm seam reaching from the wrist line to the armpit, andgussetl means providing fullness at the armpit, characterized in thatthe rear edge ofeach sleeve terminatesat a deep, substantially ovalnotch in the yoke material, and the forward edge of each sleeveterminates in a concavely curved portion which merges with thecorresponding horizontal front lower edge of the yoke, the gusset meansat each armpit comprising a segmental piece having a substantiallystraight edge and a curved edge,; Vthe latter having a radius ofcurvature substantially greater than the radius of curvature of thelarger end ofV the notch in the yoke, thegusset means also comprising asemi-segmental part havinga curved edge, a substantially straight baseand a substantially straight vertical edge, a seam uniting the curvededge of the segmental gusset part to the margin of the oval notch in theyoke, a seam uniting the curved edge of the semi-segmental gusset partto the concavely curved portion ofthe front edge of the sleeve, and aseam uniting the" straight base edge of the latter gusset partto theupper edge of the corresponding front member of the garment, theunderarm seam extending uninterruptedly across the armpit and unitingthe lower portion of the straight edge4 ofthe segmental gusset part tothe vertical straight edge of the semi-segmental gusset part, theunderarm seam also uniting the lower portion of the straight edge of thesegmental gusset part to the rear edge of the corresponding front memberand then continuing on down beyond the gusset means and uniting thecorresponding front member to the back. l l

2. A ventilated rain garment of the kind which, except for collar andtrim, kconsists of butV four parts, to wit, a yoke having sleevesintegral therewith, a back, and two front members, the back being joinedto the yoke at and adjacent to the collar line and adjacent to each Varmscye respectively, Nbut being otherwise unattached to the yoke,therebyproviding Ventilating openings of `large area, and wherein eachfront member is joined to the yoke along a line extending from the frontclosure to one of the arm scyesgrespectively, each ,front memberv beingjoinedto the back along a substantially vertical line, extendingdownwardly from the respective armpit, each sleeve having a singlevlongitudinally* extending underarm seam reaching from the'wrist line tothe armpit, and gusset means providing fullness at the armpit,characterized in that the rear edge of each sleeve terminates at a deep,sub@ stantially oval notch whose smaller end is open at the edge of thematerial, the forwardjedge of each sleeve terminating in a concavelycurved portion which'merges with the corresponding horizontal frontlower edge of the yoke, thev gusset means at each armpit comprising asegmentall piece having a substantially straight edge, and a curvededge, the radius of curvature of said curved edge beingapproximatelyfour times the ,radius of curvature of the larger end ofthe oval notch in the yoke material, the gus/set means also comprising asemi-segmental part having a curved edge', a substantially straight baseand a sube stantially straight vertical edge, a seamuniting the curvededge of the segmental gusset part to the margin of the oval notch in theyoke, a seam uniting the curved. edge of the semi-segmental gussetA partto the concavelylcurved portion of the front edge of the sleeve, and aseam uniting the straight base edge of the latter gusset part toi theupper edge of the corresponding front memberofthe-garment, theunderarmseam extendf ing uninterruptedly across the-armpit and unit-` ing'thelower portion of thev straight edge of the segmental gusset-part to thevertical straight edge of the semi-segmental gusset' part, ythe underarmseam also uniting the lower portion of thestraight'edge of the segmentalgussetpart to the rear edge of the corresponding front mem-` ber andthen continuing on down beyond the gusset means and uniting thecorresponding front member to the back.` Y

3. A ventilated rain garment of the kind which, except for collarandtrim, consists of lbut four parts, to wit, a yoke having sleevesintegral therewith, a back, and two front members, the back' beingjoined to the yoke at and adjacent to the collar line Vand adjacent toeach armV scye-respectively, but being otherwise unattached to the yoke,thereby providing Ventilating openings of large area, and wherein eachfront member is Y joined to the yoke along a line extending Vfrom thefront closure to one of the arm scyes respectively, each iront member.being joined to the back along a substantially vertical line extendingdownwardly from the respective armpit, each sleeve having a singlelongitudinally,extending underarm seam reaching from the wrist line tothe armpit, andY gusset means providing fullness segmental part, vthecurved edge of the segmental part being united to that edge of the yokewhich definesthe notch, theunderarm seam extending uninterruptedly downacross the armpit area and uniting the upper part of the straight edgeof the segmental gusset member to one edge of the tri` angular gussetmember, said seam then continue ing down and uniting the lower part ofsaid.

straight edge of the segmental gusset member to the front member of thegarment, and then continuing down to the lower edge of the garment anduniting the back and yfront members, and

seams uniting the other two edges of the -tri, angular gusset member tothe concavely curved f portion of the front edge of the sleeve and tothe upper edge of the frontmember respectivelkf 4. A ventilated raingarment of the kind which,

except for collar and` trim, consists of butfour parts, to wit, a yokehaving sleevesfintegrali therewith, a back and two front members, the

back being joined Vto theyoke lat'and adjacentV to the collar line andadjacent to each arm'scye, 1 butbeing otherwise unattached thereto,sorthat` free Ypassage of ,air is provided between the 4in-l terior andexterior of the garment at the vback of the garment, and wherein eachfront member Vis joined to the yoke along a line extending'from thefront closure to one ofthe arm scyesyrespectively, each front memberbeing Vjoined `tothe back along a ysubstantially vertical line extendingY down from `the respective armpit, each sleeveV v having a singlelongitudinally extending'undere arm seam reaching from the wristVline'tothev armpit, land gusset means. providing 'fullness 'atthe'armpitgcharacterized in that 'the back has laterally directedintegrali extensions at Vtl1ein,-`;

terior of the garment, each extension reaching across the upper part ofone of the sleeve openings respectively, and having its upper edgeunited to the yoke at the collar line, the lower edge of each extensionbeing free from the yoke and merging with the lateral edge of the backto form a flexible flap reaching to the arm scye and which tends toclose the Ventilating opening when engaged by the wearers hand indonning the garment.

5. A ventilated rain garment of the kind which, except for collar andtrim, consists of but four parts, to wit, a yoke having sleeves integraltherewith, a back and two front members, the back being joined to theyoke at and adjacent to the collar line and adjacent to each arm scye,but being otherwise unattached thereto, so that free passage of air isprovided between the interior and exterior of the garment at the back ofthe garment, and wherein each front member is joined to the yoke along aline extending from the front closure to one of. the arm seyes,respectively, each front member being joined to the back along asubstantially vertical line extending down from the respective armpit,each sleeve having a single longitudinally extending underarm seamreaching from the wrist line to the armpit, and gusset means providingfullness at the armpit, characterized in that the back, before assemblywith the other parts, has a deep horizontally elongate notch at itsupper end, located between two upwardly directed extensions, theextensions having edges which converge toward the notch, the edge of thenotch and said edges of the extension being secured, in the completedgarment, to the yoke at the collar line, the extensions then beingsubstantially horizontal and providing a reinforcement for the shouldersof the garment, the lower edge of each extension, in the completedgarment, being free and merging with the lateral edge of the back, saidextensions with the adjacent portions of the back forming flexible valveflaps operative automatically to close the Ventilating opening whenengaged by the wearers hand in donning the garment.

JOHN T. CALLAHAN.

JOHN ARTHUR GILBERTSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 245,654 Peyser Aug, 16, 18811,252,188 Shane Jan. 1, 1938 2,136,889 Richards Nov. 15, 1938 2,305,406Clyne et al Dec. 15, 1942 2,312,777 Sholder et al. Mar. 2, 19432,361,380 Callahan et al Oct. 31, 1944 2,399,428 Daniels Apr. 30, 1946FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 166,386 Great Britain July 21, 1921

